xxxx

ํ˜ผ๋ˆ (์‚ฟ1-21์žฅ)

์•„ํ‹ฐํด / ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ ์ฃผ์„

   ์—ฌํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์—๋Š” ํ•ญ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋„์ž ์ง์ฑ…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์‹  ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‹นํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ์ €๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฆฌ๋” ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ฌ๋ž๋‹ค. ์˜์–ด๋กœ โ€œjudgesโ€(์‚ฌ์‚ฌ)๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญ๋œ ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด ๋‹จ์–ด(shopet)์˜ ๋œป์€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž, ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€, ์ง€์—ญ ์ด๋… ๋“ฑ์ด๋‹ค.[1] ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์— ๋งž์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ๊ตญ์ •๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง„๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ˜ธ์นญ์„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธด ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, โ€œ๊ตฌ์›์ž๋“คโ€(delivers)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต์นญ์ด ์ด ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

 

   ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์•„์„œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”์šฑ๋” ์šฐ์šธํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด ๊ณ„์Šน๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฐจ์ธฐ ์ž์งˆ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ฑ…์€ โ€œ๊ทธ๋•Œ์— ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์— ์™•์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์— ์˜ณ์€ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋”๋ผโ€(์‚ฟ 21:25)๋ผ๋Š” ์ค€์—„ํ•œ ์ข…๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์Œ, ์‚ด์ธ, ๋‚ด์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋๋งบ๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์— ์˜ณ์€ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์„ ๊ฐ–์ท„์Œ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ‘œํ˜„๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ผ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์Œ๊ป ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์•„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹  โ€œ์ด ์œจ๋ฒ• ์ฑ…์„ ๋„ค ์ž…์—์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์•ผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌต์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค ์ง€์ผœ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„ค ๊ธธ์ด ํ‰ํƒ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ˜•ํ†ตํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผโ€(์ˆ˜ 1:8)๋ผ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๊ณ„๋ช…์„ ์ˆœ์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ณ„๋ช…์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ณ์€ ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ๋งŒ์กฑ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์ข‹์•„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์„ฑ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์œจ๋ฒ•์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ด๋„๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๊ณต์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค.[2]

 

 

 Temba L. J. Mafico, โ€œJudge, Judging,โ€ ed. David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 1105์ชฝ.

Daniel I. Block, Judges, Ruth, The New American Commentary (Nashville: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 1999), 83-84์ชฝ

์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค๋‹ค (์‚ฟ1-2์žฅ)

๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ

   ์‚ฌ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ 1-2์žฅ์€ ์—ฌํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์•„์„œ 13-22์žฅ์ด ๋๋‚œ ๊ณณ, ๊ณง ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ด ๊ทธ ๋•…์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์„ ๋‹ค ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ์ด์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. โ€œ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ž์†์ด ๊ฐ•์„ฑํ•œ ํ›„์—์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์—๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์—ญ์„ ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ  ๋‹ค ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜์˜€๋”๋ผโ€(์ˆ˜ 17:13). ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ๋ง›๋ณธ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์กฑ์†์ด ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ž๋งˆ์ž ์ œ์ผ ๋จผ์ € ๋…ธ์˜ˆ ์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•˜๋‹ค๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฃผ๋œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋ด ๋™์‚ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฑ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์˜ ์šฐ์ƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์–ธ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ์ถฉ์„ฑ์‹ฌ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ์•„๋‹ด์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜์™€๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฒŒ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์˜ ์œ ํ˜น์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋ชป ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์‹ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์•Œ๊ณผ ์•„์Šค๋‹ค๋กฏ์„ โ€œ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐโ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค(์‚ฟ 2:11-13 10:6 ๋“ฑ - NRSV๋Š” ์ด ํžˆ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ โ€œworshippingโ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜์–ด ์—ญ๋ณธ์€ ์ข€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ€œservingโ€์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์—ญํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค). ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•์ƒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฐฉ ์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋ฆฌ์–ด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์˜ ์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ณ ๋Š” ์šฐ์ƒ์„ ํ—›๋˜์ด ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.[1]

 

   ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์•ˆ ์กฑ์†์˜ ์‹ ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ฃผ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ์‹ ๋“ค์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์กฑ์†์˜ ์ „์ฒ ์„ ๋ฐŸ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŒ€ ์ผˆ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ์šฐ์ƒ์€ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์ข…๊ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋น„๋ก ๊ฑฐ์ง“๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์˜์„ฑ(spirituality)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.

 

   ์šฐ์ƒ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€? ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ, ๋‹น์‹  ๋งˆ์Œ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๋งŒ์ด ์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ์šฐ์ƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹  ์‚ถ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ๊นŠ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋А๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์งœ ์‹ ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ด์ •๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ๊ฐ์ •, ์žฌ์ •, ์ž์›์„ ํ•œ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋จธ๋ญ‡๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ“๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋…€, ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ๋ˆ ๋ฒ„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์—…์ , ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ๊ฐˆ์ฑ„, โ€˜์ฒด๋ฉดโ€™์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ์•  ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ธ์ •, ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•จ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ๋ฝํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ, ๋ฏธ๋ชจ๋‚˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ, ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์ •์น˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ช…๋ถ„, ๋„๋•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋•, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต ์‚ฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.[2]

 

   ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์„ ์ถœ์ง ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์—ด๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์„ฌ๊ฒจ์•ผ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๋‹น์„ ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ตœํ›„ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ๋‚จ์˜ ๋น„์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋‚จ์„ ์†์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฒ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๊ฑฐ์ง“ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ํˆฌํ‘œ ์กฐ์ž‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ์ด๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ ์š•๋ง์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ๋‹ค.

 

   ์ด๋Š” 1972๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ์„ ๊ฑฐ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋˜ ๋ฆฌ์ฒ˜๋“œ ๋‹‰์Šจ์ด ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€์ค‘์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œ ์š•๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์›Œํ„ฐ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธํ˜ธํ…”์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์— ๋„์ฒญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์ด๊ธฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง‰๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณจ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ„ํ•ต์„ ๋ชฐ๊ณ  ์™”๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ง์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฌ์•™์œผ๋กœ ๋๋‚œ๋‹ค.

 

   ์ง์—…์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž, ๋ถ€๋ชจ, ์ž๋…€๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์œ ์ต์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์œ ํ˜น์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์„ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ถ๊ทน์  ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ ๋‹ค. ์ผ์„ ์šฐ์ƒํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ… 3์žฅ์˜ โ€œ์ถœ 20:3โ€๊ณผ โ€œ์ถœ 20:4โ€, 6์žฅ์˜ โ€œ์‹  5:7; ์ถœ 20:3โ€๊ณผ โ€œ์‹  5:8; ์ถœ 20:4โ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

 

 

 John Gray, Joshua, Judges and Ruth, The New Century Bible (London: Nelson, 1967), 256์ชฝ.

Timothy Keller, Counterfeit Gods: The Empty Promises of Money, Sex, and Power, and the Only Hope That Matters (New York: Dutton Adult, 2009), 17-18์ชฝ. ํŒ€ ์ผˆ๋Ÿฌ, ใ€ŠํŒ€ ์ผˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹ ใ€‹(๋‘๋ž€๋…ธ ์—ญ๊ฐ„).

์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ John N. Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness in Isaiah: A Study of the Function of Chapters 56-66 in the Present Structure of the Book,โ€ Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. Broyles, Evans 117-191์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ์ข…์„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œ  โ€˜You Are My Servant, You Are the Israel in Whom I Will Be Glorifiedโ€™: The Servant Songs and the Effect of Literary Context  in Isaiah,โ€ Calvin Theological Journal 39 (2004), 117-134์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์—์„œ โ€˜์˜โ€™(tsadeqah)์™€ โ€˜๊ตฌ์›โ€™(yeshua)์˜ ๋™์˜์–ด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Gerhard von Rad์˜€๋‹ค. Rad, Old Testament Theology, Volume 1, rans. D. M. G. Stalker (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1962), 372์ชฝ.

 56-66์žฅ์˜ โ€œ์˜โ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค์Šค์™ˆํŠธ(Oswalt)๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ž๋น„๋กญ๊ณ  ์˜๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์•ฝ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€ Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness  in Isaiah,โ€ Writing and eading  the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies  in an Interpretive Tradition, 188์ชฝ.   

 ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ๋ก  ํฌ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œThe Book of Isaiah 40-66: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections,โ€ The New Interpreterโ€™s Bible VI (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001), 499์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

 Richard Bauckham, God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 50์ชฝ.

Dorothy L. Sayers, Letters to a Diminished Church: Passionate Arguments for the Relevance of Christian Doctrine (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 142์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 51์ชฝ.

Gordon Fee, The Disease of the Health & Wealth Gospels (Regent, 1996), 9์ชฝ.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค๋“ค์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 

Gordon MacDonald, โ€œRest Stopsโ€ in Life@Work Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ถœ22:22; ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22; ์Šฅ7:9-10; ๋ ˜7:5-7๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์‹ค์ œ๋กœ N.T. Wright๋Š” "โ€ฆ๋ฐ”์šธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."  N.T. Wright, Paul For Everyone: The Prison Letters (London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 85์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 84์ชฝ.

Harvey Salgo, โ€œThe Obsolescence of Growth: Capitalism and the Environmental Crisisโ€ in The Review of Radical Political Economics 5 (Fall 1973), 32์ชฝ.

๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ™” The Ad & the Ego (Parallax Pictures)๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ.

N.T. Wright, Matthew for Everyone, Part One (SPCK, 2004), 66์ชฝ.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary. 10th ed., revised (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Walter Bruggemann์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ, โ€œThe Continuing Subversion of Alternative Possibility: From Sinai to Current Covenanting,โ€ Laing Lectures, 2008, Regent College, Vancouver, Canada์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ด.

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2011 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2011), 65์ชฝ. World Bank๋Š”  ํ•˜๋ฃจ 1.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ , ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2.00๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„"์ตœ์ € ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์•ฝ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋“ค์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ถœ22:22, ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22, ์‹œ146:9, ์‚ฌ1:17, ์Šฅ7:9-10์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์ด์‚ญ ์ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฃป2:2-3์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฃป๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ ˜7:5-7์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 65, noting an observation of Norman Gottwald.

"๊ธˆ์œต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€(What Finance Is)"์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„์ผ์— ๋Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ์—…,  ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ Rob Moll, โ€œOverturning the Money Tablesโ€, Christianity Today (July 15, 2008)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Richard Chewning, โ€œHermeneutics and Biblical Ethics: An Illustration โ€“ Godโ€™s Immutability and Human Integrityโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 2000) 49-68์ชฝ.

Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€.

McIlroy, โ€œํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ ์žฌ์ •?(Christian Finance?)โ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•(virtue of generosity)"๋ผ ์ผ์ปซ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ด์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์›๋“ค์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต(microfinance)์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž์œจ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

์‹œ์žฅ(market)์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ถ€, NGO๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), Chapter 6๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ.

โ€œAsset-backed Insecurity,โ€ The Economist, January 19, 2008, accessed online at http://www.economist.com/node/10533428 on January 1, 2014.

Brian Rosner, โ€œGreed as a False Religionโ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 12 No 5 (Spring 2008)์€ ํƒ์š•์ด ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

"Lord Brian Griffiths: British Economist Offers Perspective on Global Crisis," Ethix 68, February 1, 2010, http://ethix.org/2010/02/01/lord-brian-griffiths-british-economist-offers-perspective-on-global-crisis.

Robert Shiller, โ€œA Failure to Control Animal Spiritsโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 14-16์ชฝ.

Joseph E. Stiglitz, โ€œWho Do These Bankers Think They Are?โ€, Harvard Business Review (March 2010) 36์ชฝ.

John Terrill, โ€œThe Moral Imperative of Investment Bankingโ€, Cardus (February 26, 2010).

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (And What Still Needs to be Fixed).

Gerald F. Davis, โ€œThe Rise and Fall of Finance and the End of the Society of Organizationsโ€, Academy of Management Perspectives, Volume 23, Number 3 (August 2009) 27-44์ชฝ.

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด  Paul Mills, โ€œInterest in Interest: The Old Testament Ban on Interest and its Implications for Today,โ€ Jubilee Center Publications Ltd., 1993; Eric Elder, โ€œThe Biblical Prohibition Against Charging Interest: Does It Apply to Us?โ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 32-41์ชฝ; Brian E. Porter, โ€œCharging Interest: Is it Biblical? A Responseโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 43-46์ชฝ; or Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์—์„œ "์ด์ž์œจ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ ๋งค๋งค์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ ๊ณผ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, (Pontifical Council for Peace and Justice Justice and Peace, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2004, Reprint April 2005), 208๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์— ์š”์•ฝ๋œ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

David McIlroy, โ€œChristian Finance?โ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 16, No. 6, (Spring 2011)๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๊ณผ ์ €์ถ•์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ "์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ" ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ข…์ด ํ™”ํ๋Š” ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

Jacques Ellul, Money and Power (Inter-varsity Press, Downers Grove, 1984)๋Š” ๋ˆ, ๋ถ€, ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์— ์œ„๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Ellul์ด ์•…์ด ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€, ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 144-146์ชฝ.

"๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ฐฝ๋„๋˜๋˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜น์€ ์™•๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์„ธ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฐ๋А๋‹ˆ๋ผ." (๊ณจ1:16-17)

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 145, quoting John Howard Yoder, The Politics of Jesus (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1994), 141์ชฝ.

Samuel Gregg and Gordon Preece, โ€œChristianity and Entrepreneurship: Protestant and Catholic Thoughtsโ€, The Centre for Independent Studies, 1999, 10์ชฝ.

๋นŒ4:11-13๊ณผ Howard Vanderwell, โ€œContentment in Uncertaintyโ€, Calvin Theological Seminary Forum, (Fall 2009), 12-13์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž 11:15; 22:26, 27; John M. Boersema, โ€œExamining a Christian Perspective on Financeโ€, Chapter 8 in Edward J. Trunfio Ed., Christianity and Business: A Collection of Essays on Pedagogy and Practice (Christian Business Faculty Association, Wenham, MA, 1991); Robert Brooks, โ€œFinancial Risk: an Alternative Biblical Perspectiveโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1996), 16-24์ชฝ; Ernest P. Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business, Volume 12, (2010), 48-61์ชฝ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ   John P. Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€, Perspectives, Volume 24, Number 5 (May 2009), 6-10์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Niels Henrik Gregersen, โ€œRisk and Religion: Toward a Theology of Risk Takingโ€, Zygon, Volume 38, Number 2 (June 2003), 355-376์ชฝ.

Gregersen, 368์ชฝ.

Kent D. Miller, โ€œRisk and Rationality in Entrepreneurial Processโ€, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Volume 1 (2007), 57-74์ชฝ.

James M. Buchanan and Viktor J. Vanberg, โ€œThe Market as a Creative Processโ€, Economics and Philosophy 7 (1991), 167-186์ชฝ.

See Edmund Phelps, โ€œUncertainty bedevils the best systemโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 46-47์ชฝ.

์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š”์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Paul Mills, โ€œA Brief Theology of Time โ€“ Part 2: Resisting the Tyranny of Time,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 11 No 4, December 2002๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Jonathan Kana, โ€œTime: A Non-Renewable Resource,โ€ Perspectives, Volume 25, Number 10 (December 2010)

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์‹  ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„, 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ค‘ 3๊ฐœ(์œ„ํ—˜ ํ˜์˜ค, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ Ernest P. Liang์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. Ernest P. Liang, Modern Finance Through the Eye of Faith: Application of Financial Economics to the Scripture, Christian Business Academy Review, Volume 7, No1 (Spring 2012), 69-75์ชฝ

Wolterstorff, Justice in Love, (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011), 90์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 154์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff์˜ '์ดํƒ€์  ๋Œ๋ด„(care-agapism)'์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด C.S. Lewis์˜ The Four Loves, (Harcourt, 1960)์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ž์„ (charity)๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "์ด์›ƒ์„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค.(Wolterstorff, 83์ชฝ)"๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.

Wolterstorff, 109์ชฝ.

Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People, 88-92์ชฝ.

Wright, 92-94์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 80์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 132์ชฝ.

Jonathan Chaplin, โ€œLoving Faithful Institutions: Building Blocks for a Just Global Society,โ€ TheOtherJournal.com, (April 15 2010).

http://theotherjournal.com/2010/04/15/loving-faithful-institutions-building-blocks-of-a-just-global-society/

Richard Mouw, When the Kings Come Marching In: Isaiah and the New Jerusalem (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2002): 11์ชฝ.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 35-38์ชฝ.

Paul Mills, โ€œFaith versus Prudence? Christians and financial security,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 4 No 1, March 1995 ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐฝ์„ธ๊ธฐ 2:15์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋„˜์–ด ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด, Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God and Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ๋„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€”์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฒ•โ€”๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€๋‹นํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” Wright์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. Christopher J.H. Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God, (Intervarsity Press, 2004): 312-314์ชฝ. ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, Lott์€ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋Š”  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Micah Lott, โ€œAll Things Come From Thee: Persons, Property, and the Gifts of Creation,โ€ Cardus (October 3, 2011).

Adair Turner, โ€œSpeech by Adair Turner, The City Banquet, The Mansion House, Londonโ€ (September 22 2009), accessed at http://www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/speeches/2009/0922_at.shtml. See also Bronwen Maddox, Adair Turner: โ€œThe Interviewโ€, Prospect (December 14, 2011), accessed at http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/economics/adair-turner-the-interview/

Laura Newland, โ€œHow Elite Colleges Still Feed Wall St.โ€™s Recruiting Machineโ€, NY Times DealBook (April 30, 2012).

James B. Stewart, Tangled Webs: How False Statements are Undermining America: From Martha Stewart to Bernie Madoff (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 8์›” 23์ผ LA์˜ Biola๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋จ.

Mystery Shoppers Providers Association, www.mysteryshop.org/your-business, accessed March 20, 2013.

ValueNotes blog, blog.valuenotes.biz/ethics-of-mystery-shopping/, accessed March 20, 2013.

Eberhard Bethge, Dietrich Bonhoeffer (HarperCollins, 1977), 585์ชฝ.

์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ Alexander Hill, Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Marketplace, 2nd edition, (Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2008), 139-143์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Albert Carr, โ€œIs Business Bluffing Ethical?โ€ cited in Scott B. Rae and Kenman L. Wong, Beyond Integrity: A Judeo-Christian Approach to Business Ethics, 2nd edition, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004), 26์ชฝ.

Milton Friedman, "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits," The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970. 

Alexander Hill, Just Business, 143์ชฝ.

AU Section 411.01, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, accessed on October 1, 2012 at http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU411.aspx.

Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, tr. James W. Ellington, (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1993, original, 1785), 30-36์ชฝ.   Kantโ€™s essay, โ€œOn a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Altruistic Motives,โ€ ibid ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ผ.

C.S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Macmillan, 1943)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€”๋ฐฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด,  Don Richardson, Peace Child: An Unforgettable Story of Primitive Jungle Treachery, 4th edition (Ventura, California: Regal, 2005)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ. 

์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ John N. Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness in Isaiah: A Study of the Function of Chapters 56-66 in the Present Structure of the Book,โ€ Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. Broyles, Evans 117-191์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ์ข…์„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œ  โ€˜You Are My Servant, You Are the Israel in Whom I Will Be Glorifiedโ€™: The Servant Songs and the Effect of Literary Context  in Isaiah,โ€ Calvin Theological Journal 39 (2004), 117-134์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์—์„œ โ€˜์˜โ€™(tsadeqah)์™€ โ€˜๊ตฌ์›โ€™(yeshua)์˜ ๋™์˜์–ด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Gerhard von Rad์˜€๋‹ค. Rad, Old Testament Theology, Volume 1, rans. D. M. G. Stalker (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1962), 372์ชฝ.

 56-66์žฅ์˜ โ€œ์˜โ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค์Šค์™ˆํŠธ(Oswalt)๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ž๋น„๋กญ๊ณ  ์˜๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์•ฝ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€ Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness  in Isaiah,โ€ Writing and eading  the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies  in an Interpretive Tradition, 188์ชฝ.   

 ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ๋ก  ํฌ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œThe Book of Isaiah 40-66: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections,โ€ The New Interpreterโ€™s Bible VI (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001), 499์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

 Richard Bauckham, God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 50์ชฝ.

Dorothy L. Sayers, Letters to a Diminished Church: Passionate Arguments for the Relevance of Christian Doctrine (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 142์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 51์ชฝ.

Gordon Fee, The Disease of the Health & Wealth Gospels (Regent, 1996), 9์ชฝ.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค๋“ค์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 

Gordon MacDonald, โ€œRest Stopsโ€ in Life@Work Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ถœ22:22; ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22; ์Šฅ7:9-10; ๋ ˜7:5-7๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์‹ค์ œ๋กœ N.T. Wright๋Š” "โ€ฆ๋ฐ”์šธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."  N.T. Wright, Paul For Everyone: The Prison Letters (London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 85์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 84์ชฝ.

Harvey Salgo, โ€œThe Obsolescence of Growth: Capitalism and the Environmental Crisisโ€ in The Review of Radical Political Economics 5 (Fall 1973), 32์ชฝ.

๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ™” The Ad & the Ego (Parallax Pictures)๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ.

N.T. Wright, Matthew for Everyone, Part One (SPCK, 2004), 66์ชฝ.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary. 10th ed., revised (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Walter Bruggemann์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ, โ€œThe Continuing Subversion of Alternative Possibility: From Sinai to Current Covenanting,โ€ Laing Lectures, 2008, Regent College, Vancouver, Canada์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ด.

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2011 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2011), 65์ชฝ. World Bank๋Š”  ํ•˜๋ฃจ 1.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ , ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2.00๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„"์ตœ์ € ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์•ฝ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋“ค์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ถœ22:22, ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22, ์‹œ146:9, ์‚ฌ1:17, ์Šฅ7:9-10์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์ด์‚ญ ์ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฃป2:2-3์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฃป๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ ˜7:5-7์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 65, noting an observation of Norman Gottwald.

"๊ธˆ์œต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€(What Finance Is)"์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„์ผ์— ๋Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ์—…,  ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ Rob Moll, โ€œOverturning the Money Tablesโ€, Christianity Today (July 15, 2008)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Richard Chewning, โ€œHermeneutics and Biblical Ethics: An Illustration โ€“ Godโ€™s Immutability and Human Integrityโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 2000) 49-68์ชฝ.

Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€.

McIlroy, โ€œํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ ์žฌ์ •?(Christian Finance?)โ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•(virtue of generosity)"๋ผ ์ผ์ปซ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ด์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์›๋“ค์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต(microfinance)์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž์œจ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

์‹œ์žฅ(market)์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ถ€, NGO๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), Chapter 6๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ.

โ€œAsset-backed Insecurity,โ€ The Economist, January 19, 2008, accessed online at http://www.economist.com/node/10533428 on January 1, 2014.

Brian Rosner, โ€œGreed as a False Religionโ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 12 No 5 (Spring 2008)์€ ํƒ์š•์ด ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

"Lord Brian Griffiths: British Economist Offers Perspective on Global Crisis," Ethix 68, February 1, 2010, http://ethix.org/2010/02/01/lord-brian-griffiths-british-economist-offers-perspective-on-global-crisis.

Robert Shiller, โ€œA Failure to Control Animal Spiritsโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 14-16์ชฝ.

Joseph E. Stiglitz, โ€œWho Do These Bankers Think They Are?โ€, Harvard Business Review (March 2010) 36์ชฝ.

John Terrill, โ€œThe Moral Imperative of Investment Bankingโ€, Cardus (February 26, 2010).

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (And What Still Needs to be Fixed).

Gerald F. Davis, โ€œThe Rise and Fall of Finance and the End of the Society of Organizationsโ€, Academy of Management Perspectives, Volume 23, Number 3 (August 2009) 27-44์ชฝ.

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด  Paul Mills, โ€œInterest in Interest: The Old Testament Ban on Interest and its Implications for Today,โ€ Jubilee Center Publications Ltd., 1993; Eric Elder, โ€œThe Biblical Prohibition Against Charging Interest: Does It Apply to Us?โ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 32-41์ชฝ; Brian E. Porter, โ€œCharging Interest: Is it Biblical? A Responseโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 43-46์ชฝ; or Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์—์„œ "์ด์ž์œจ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ ๋งค๋งค์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ ๊ณผ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, (Pontifical Council for Peace and Justice Justice and Peace, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2004, Reprint April 2005), 208๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์— ์š”์•ฝ๋œ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

David McIlroy, โ€œChristian Finance?โ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 16, No. 6, (Spring 2011)๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๊ณผ ์ €์ถ•์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ "์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ" ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ข…์ด ํ™”ํ๋Š” ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

Jacques Ellul, Money and Power (Inter-varsity Press, Downers Grove, 1984)๋Š” ๋ˆ, ๋ถ€, ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์— ์œ„๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Ellul์ด ์•…์ด ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€, ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 144-146์ชฝ.

"๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ฐฝ๋„๋˜๋˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜น์€ ์™•๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์„ธ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฐ๋А๋‹ˆ๋ผ." (๊ณจ1:16-17)

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 145, quoting John Howard Yoder, The Politics of Jesus (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1994), 141์ชฝ.

Samuel Gregg and Gordon Preece, โ€œChristianity and Entrepreneurship: Protestant and Catholic Thoughtsโ€, The Centre for Independent Studies, 1999, 10์ชฝ.

๋นŒ4:11-13๊ณผ Howard Vanderwell, โ€œContentment in Uncertaintyโ€, Calvin Theological Seminary Forum, (Fall 2009), 12-13์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž 11:15; 22:26, 27; John M. Boersema, โ€œExamining a Christian Perspective on Financeโ€, Chapter 8 in Edward J. Trunfio Ed., Christianity and Business: A Collection of Essays on Pedagogy and Practice (Christian Business Faculty Association, Wenham, MA, 1991); Robert Brooks, โ€œFinancial Risk: an Alternative Biblical Perspectiveโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1996), 16-24์ชฝ; Ernest P. Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business, Volume 12, (2010), 48-61์ชฝ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ   John P. Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€, Perspectives, Volume 24, Number 5 (May 2009), 6-10์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Niels Henrik Gregersen, โ€œRisk and Religion: Toward a Theology of Risk Takingโ€, Zygon, Volume 38, Number 2 (June 2003), 355-376์ชฝ.

Gregersen, 368์ชฝ.

Kent D. Miller, โ€œRisk and Rationality in Entrepreneurial Processโ€, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Volume 1 (2007), 57-74์ชฝ.

James M. Buchanan and Viktor J. Vanberg, โ€œThe Market as a Creative Processโ€, Economics and Philosophy 7 (1991), 167-186์ชฝ.

See Edmund Phelps, โ€œUncertainty bedevils the best systemโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 46-47์ชฝ.

์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š”์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Paul Mills, โ€œA Brief Theology of Time โ€“ Part 2: Resisting the Tyranny of Time,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 11 No 4, December 2002๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Jonathan Kana, โ€œTime: A Non-Renewable Resource,โ€ Perspectives, Volume 25, Number 10 (December 2010)

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์‹  ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„, 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ค‘ 3๊ฐœ(์œ„ํ—˜ ํ˜์˜ค, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ Ernest P. Liang์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. Ernest P. Liang, Modern Finance Through the Eye of Faith: Application of Financial Economics to the Scripture, Christian Business Academy Review, Volume 7, No1 (Spring 2012), 69-75์ชฝ

Wolterstorff, Justice in Love, (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011), 90์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 154์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff์˜ '์ดํƒ€์  ๋Œ๋ด„(care-agapism)'์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด C.S. Lewis์˜ The Four Loves, (Harcourt, 1960)์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ž์„ (charity)๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "์ด์›ƒ์„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค.(Wolterstorff, 83์ชฝ)"๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.

Wolterstorff, 109์ชฝ.

Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People, 88-92์ชฝ.

Wright, 92-94์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 80์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 132์ชฝ.

Jonathan Chaplin, โ€œLoving Faithful Institutions: Building Blocks for a Just Global Society,โ€ TheOtherJournal.com, (April 15 2010).

http://theotherjournal.com/2010/04/15/loving-faithful-institutions-building-blocks-of-a-just-global-society/

Richard Mouw, When the Kings Come Marching In: Isaiah and the New Jerusalem (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2002): 11์ชฝ.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 35-38์ชฝ.

Paul Mills, โ€œFaith versus Prudence? Christians and financial security,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 4 No 1, March 1995 ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐฝ์„ธ๊ธฐ 2:15์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋„˜์–ด ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด, Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God and Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ๋„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€”์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฒ•โ€”๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€๋‹นํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” Wright์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. Christopher J.H. Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God, (Intervarsity Press, 2004): 312-314์ชฝ. ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, Lott์€ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋Š”  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Micah Lott, โ€œAll Things Come From Thee: Persons, Property, and the Gifts of Creation,โ€ Cardus (October 3, 2011).

Adair Turner, โ€œSpeech by Adair Turner, The City Banquet, The Mansion House, Londonโ€ (September 22 2009), accessed at http://www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/speeches/2009/0922_at.shtml. See also Bronwen Maddox, Adair Turner: โ€œThe Interviewโ€, Prospect (December 14, 2011), accessed at http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/economics/adair-turner-the-interview/

Laura Newland, โ€œHow Elite Colleges Still Feed Wall St.โ€™s Recruiting Machineโ€, NY Times DealBook (April 30, 2012).

James B. Stewart, Tangled Webs: How False Statements are Undermining America: From Martha Stewart to Bernie Madoff (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 8์›” 23์ผ LA์˜ Biola๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋จ.

Mystery Shoppers Providers Association, www.mysteryshop.org/your-business, accessed March 20, 2013.

ValueNotes blog, blog.valuenotes.biz/ethics-of-mystery-shopping/, accessed March 20, 2013.

Eberhard Bethge, Dietrich Bonhoeffer (HarperCollins, 1977), 585์ชฝ.

์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ Alexander Hill, Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Marketplace, 2nd edition, (Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2008), 139-143์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Albert Carr, โ€œIs Business Bluffing Ethical?โ€ cited in Scott B. Rae and Kenman L. Wong, Beyond Integrity: A Judeo-Christian Approach to Business Ethics, 2nd edition, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004), 26์ชฝ.

Milton Friedman, "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits," The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970. 

Alexander Hill, Just Business, 143์ชฝ.

AU Section 411.01, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, accessed on October 1, 2012 at http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU411.aspx.

Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, tr. James W. Ellington, (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1993, original, 1785), 30-36์ชฝ.   Kantโ€™s essay, โ€œOn a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Altruistic Motives,โ€ ibid ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ผ.

C.S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Macmillan, 1943)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€”๋ฐฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด,  Don Richardson, Peace Child: An Unforgettable Story of Primitive Jungle Treachery, 4th edition (Ventura, California: Regal, 2005)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ. 

์ด ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ์„œ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ์ž์„ธํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ John N. Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness in Isaiah: A Study of the Function of Chapters 56-66 in the Present Structure of the Book,โ€ Writing and Reading the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies in an Interpretive Tradition, ed. Broyles, Evans 117-191์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์—์„œ ์ข…์„ ์ ์ฐจ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์ „๊ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œ  โ€˜You Are My Servant, You Are the Israel in Whom I Will Be Glorifiedโ€™: The Servant Songs and the Effect of Literary Context  in Isaiah,โ€ Calvin Theological Journal 39 (2004), 117-134์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

์ด์‚ฌ์•ผ 40-55์žฅ์—์„œ โ€˜์˜โ€™(tsadeqah)์™€ โ€˜๊ตฌ์›โ€™(yeshua)์˜ ๋™์˜์–ด์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ Gerhard von Rad์˜€๋‹ค. Rad, Old Testament Theology, Volume 1, rans. D. M. G. Stalker (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1962), 372์ชฝ.

 56-66์žฅ์˜ โ€œ์˜โ€๋ฅผ ์ฃผํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์˜ค์Šค์™ˆํŠธ(Oswalt)๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค. โ€œ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ, ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฅผ ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‹ฌํŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ž๋น„๋กญ๊ณ  ์˜๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์–ธ์•ฝ์˜ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ดค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ์˜ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋กœ์›Œ์•ผ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€ Oswalt, โ€œRighteousness  in Isaiah,โ€ Writing and eading  the Scroll of Isaiah: Studies  in an Interpretive Tradition, 188์ชฝ.   

 ์ด ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์ผ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋ฒจ๋ก  ํฌ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€๋‹นํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•„์—ฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค. Christopher R. Seitz, โ€œThe Book of Isaiah 40-66: Introduction, Commentary, and Reflections,โ€ The New Interpreterโ€™s Bible VI (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2001), 499์ชฝ์„ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜๋ผ.

 Richard Bauckham, God Crucified: Monotheism and Christology in the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 50์ชฝ.

Dorothy L. Sayers, Letters to a Diminished Church: Passionate Arguments for the Relevance of Christian Doctrine (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 2004), 142์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 51์ชฝ.

Gordon Fee, The Disease of the Health & Wealth Gospels (Regent, 1996), 9์ชฝ.

์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ ์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œ์Šค๋“ค์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 

Gordon MacDonald, โ€œRest Stopsโ€ in Life@Work Journal, Vol. 2, No. 4.

์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ถœ22:22; ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22; ์Šฅ7:9-10; ๋ ˜7:5-7๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์‹ค์ œ๋กœ N.T. Wright๋Š” "โ€ฆ๋ฐ”์šธ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œํŽธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋Š” ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋™๋ฐ˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค."  N.T. Wright, Paul For Everyone: The Prison Letters (London: Westminster John Knox Press, 2002), 85์ชฝ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 84์ชฝ.

Harvey Salgo, โ€œThe Obsolescence of Growth: Capitalism and the Environmental Crisisโ€ in The Review of Radical Political Economics 5 (Fall 1973), 32์ชฝ.

๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํ™” The Ad & the Ego (Parallax Pictures)๋ฅผ ๊ธ€๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ.

N.T. Wright, Matthew for Everyone, Part One (SPCK, 2004), 66์ชฝ.

The Concise Oxford Dictionary. 10th ed., revised (Oxford University Press, 2001).

Walter Bruggemann์˜ ๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ, โ€œThe Continuing Subversion of Alternative Possibility: From Sinai to Current Covenanting,โ€ Laing Lectures, 2008, Regent College, Vancouver, Canada์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ด.

World Bank, World Development Indicators 2011 (Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2011), 65์ชฝ. World Bank๋Š”  ํ•˜๋ฃจ 1.25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ "๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ , ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2.00๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„"์ตœ์ € ์ƒํ™œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜" ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ด ์„ธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์•ฝ์  ์ฑ…์ž„๋“ค์„ ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ถœ22:22, ์‹ 10:18; 24:17-22, ์‹œ146:9, ์‚ฌ1:17, ์Šฅ7:9-10์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์ด์‚ญ ์ค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋Š” ๋ฃป2:2-3์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๋ฃป๊ณผ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฏธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๋˜ํ•œ ๋ ˜7:5-7์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Craig Blomberg, Neither Poverty Nor Riches (Eerdmans, 1999), 65, noting an observation of Norman Gottwald.

"๊ธˆ์œต์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€(What Finance Is)"์—์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ž์›์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ํ›„์ผ์— ๋Œ๋ ค์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์›์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ€๊ณ„, ์‚ฌ์—…,  ์ •๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋‹ด์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋กœ Rob Moll, โ€œOverturning the Money Tablesโ€, Christianity Today (July 15, 2008)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Richard Chewning, โ€œHermeneutics and Biblical Ethics: An Illustration โ€“ Godโ€™s Immutability and Human Integrityโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 2000) 49-68์ชฝ.

Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€.

McIlroy, โ€œํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ ์žฌ์ •?(Christian Finance?)โ€๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "๋„ˆ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์›€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋•(virtue of generosity)"๋ผ ์ผ์ปซ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฌด์ด์ž ๋Œ€์ถœ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์›๋“ค์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.

์†Œ์•ก๊ธˆ์œต(microfinance)์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›์„ ์•„๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž์œจ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์˜ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

์‹œ์žฅ(market)์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ถ€, NGO๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด, Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), Chapter 6๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ.

โ€œAsset-backed Insecurity,โ€ The Economist, January 19, 2008, accessed online at http://www.economist.com/node/10533428 on January 1, 2014.

Brian Rosner, โ€œGreed as a False Religionโ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 12 No 5 (Spring 2008)์€ ํƒ์š•์ด ์šฐ์ƒ์ˆญ๋ฐฐ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋…์ ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

"Lord Brian Griffiths: British Economist Offers Perspective on Global Crisis," Ethix 68, February 1, 2010, http://ethix.org/2010/02/01/lord-brian-griffiths-british-economist-offers-perspective-on-global-crisis.

Robert Shiller, โ€œA Failure to Control Animal Spiritsโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 14-16์ชฝ.

Joseph E. Stiglitz, โ€œWho Do These Bankers Think They Are?โ€, Harvard Business Review (March 2010) 36์ชฝ.

John Terrill, โ€œThe Moral Imperative of Investment Bankingโ€, Cardus (February 26, 2010).

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (And What Still Needs to be Fixed).

Gerald F. Davis, โ€œThe Rise and Fall of Finance and the End of the Society of Organizationsโ€, Academy of Management Perspectives, Volume 23, Number 3 (August 2009) 27-44์ชฝ.

์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด  Paul Mills, โ€œInterest in Interest: The Old Testament Ban on Interest and its Implications for Today,โ€ Jubilee Center Publications Ltd., 1993; Eric Elder, โ€œThe Biblical Prohibition Against Charging Interest: Does It Apply to Us?โ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 32-41์ชฝ; Brian E. Porter, โ€œCharging Interest: Is it Biblical? A Responseโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1999) 43-46์ชฝ; or Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์—์„œ "์ด์ž์œจ"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ ๋งค๋งค์ž๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์›๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์„ ๊ณผ ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ด๊ฒƒ์€ Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church, (Pontifical Council for Peace and Justice Justice and Peace, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2004, Reprint April 2005), 208๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ๋‹จ์— ์š”์•ฝ๋œ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ต๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.

David McIlroy, โ€œChristian Finance?โ€, Ethics in Brief, Vol. 16, No. 6, (Spring 2011)๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋” ์ž˜ ์„ฌ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๊ณผ ์ €์ถ•์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ "์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ" ํ˜น์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํžˆ ๊ถŒ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. 

ํ˜น์ž๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ข…์ด ํ™”ํ๋Š” ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉฐ, ์ฃผ์š” ์š”์ ์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.

Jacques Ellul, Money and Power (Inter-varsity Press, Downers Grove, 1984)๋Š” ๋ˆ, ๋ถ€, ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์นจ์— ์œ„๋ฐฐ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Ellul์ด ์•…์ด ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€์™€ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์†Œ์œ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€, ๊ตํ™˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 144-146์ชฝ.

"๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ฐฝ๋„๋˜๋˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜น์€ ์™•๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๊ถŒ์„ธ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๊ณ„์‹œ๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ฐ๋А๋‹ˆ๋ผ." (๊ณจ1:16-17)

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 145, quoting John Howard Yoder, The Politics of Jesus (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, 1994), 141์ชฝ.

Samuel Gregg and Gordon Preece, โ€œChristianity and Entrepreneurship: Protestant and Catholic Thoughtsโ€, The Centre for Independent Studies, 1999, 10์ชฝ.

๋นŒ4:11-13๊ณผ Howard Vanderwell, โ€œContentment in Uncertaintyโ€, Calvin Theological Seminary Forum, (Fall 2009), 12-13์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž 11:15; 22:26, 27; John M. Boersema, โ€œExamining a Christian Perspective on Financeโ€, Chapter 8 in Edward J. Trunfio Ed., Christianity and Business: A Collection of Essays on Pedagogy and Practice (Christian Business Faculty Association, Wenham, MA, 1991); Robert Brooks, โ€œFinancial Risk: an Alternative Biblical Perspectiveโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business (Fall 1996), 16-24์ชฝ; Ernest P. Liang, โ€œThe Global Financial Crisis: Biblical Perspectives on Corporate Financeโ€, The Journal of Biblical Integration in Business, Volume 12, (2010), 48-61์ชฝ; ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ   John P. Tiemstra, โ€œFinancial Crisis and the Culture of Riskโ€, Perspectives, Volume 24, Number 5 (May 2009), 6-10์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Niels Henrik Gregersen, โ€œRisk and Religion: Toward a Theology of Risk Takingโ€, Zygon, Volume 38, Number 2 (June 2003), 355-376์ชฝ.

Gregersen, 368์ชฝ.

Kent D. Miller, โ€œRisk and Rationality in Entrepreneurial Processโ€, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, Volume 1 (2007), 57-74์ชฝ.

James M. Buchanan and Viktor J. Vanberg, โ€œThe Market as a Creative Processโ€, Economics and Philosophy 7 (1991), 167-186์ชฝ.

See Edmund Phelps, โ€œUncertainty bedevils the best systemโ€, Financial Times: The Future of Capitalism (May 12, 2009) 46-47์ชฝ.

์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์š”์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” Paul Mills, โ€œA Brief Theology of Time โ€“ Part 2: Resisting the Tyranny of Time,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 11 No 4, December 2002๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

Jonathan Kana, โ€œTime: A Non-Renewable Resource,โ€ Perspectives, Volume 25, Number 10 (December 2010)

ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์‹  ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„, 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ค‘ 3๊ฐœ(์œ„ํ—˜ ํ˜์˜ค, ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜ธ, ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ Ernest P. Liang์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค. Ernest P. Liang, Modern Finance Through the Eye of Faith: Application of Financial Economics to the Scripture, Christian Business Academy Review, Volume 7, No1 (Spring 2012), 69-75์ชฝ

Wolterstorff, Justice in Love, (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2011), 90์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 154์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff์˜ '์ดํƒ€์  ๋Œ๋ด„(care-agapism)'์€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ์žˆ์–ด C.S. Lewis์˜ The Four Loves, (Harcourt, 1960)์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ž์„ (charity)๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, "์ด์›ƒ์„ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค.(Wolterstorff, 83์ชฝ)"๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.

Wolterstorff, 109์ชฝ.

Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People, 88-92์ชฝ.

Wright, 92-94์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 80์ชฝ.

Wolterstorff, 132์ชฝ.

Jonathan Chaplin, โ€œLoving Faithful Institutions: Building Blocks for a Just Global Society,โ€ TheOtherJournal.com, (April 15 2010).

http://theotherjournal.com/2010/04/15/loving-faithful-institutions-building-blocks-of-a-just-global-society/

Richard Mouw, When the Kings Come Marching In: Isaiah and the New Jerusalem (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co, 2002): 11์ชฝ.

Van Duzer, Why Business Matters to God: (and what still needs to be fixed), 35-38์ชฝ.

Paul Mills, โ€œFaith versus Prudence? Christians and financial security,โ€ Cambridge Papers, Vol 4 No 1, March 1995 ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค์ฒœ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜์˜ ๋‚ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.

์ฐฝ์„ธ๊ธฐ 2:15์˜ ์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ช…๋ น์„ ๋„˜์–ด ํ”ผ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋Œ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด, Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God and Wright, The Mission of Godโ€™s People๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.

์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ๋„์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ž์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์…จ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜โ€”์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์„ฑ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ช…๋ นํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง‘ํ–‰๋œ ๋ฒ•โ€”๋„ ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ์ด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€๋‹นํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ•„์š” ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘”๋‹ค๋Š” Wright์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. Christopher J.H. Wright, Old Testament Ethics for the People of God, (Intervarsity Press, 2004): 312-314์ชฝ. ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, Lott์€ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์€ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์œ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์™€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์…จ๋‹ค๋Š”  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์น™์„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. Micah Lott, โ€œAll Things Come From Thee: Persons, Property, and the Gifts of Creation,โ€ Cardus (October 3, 2011).

Adair Turner, โ€œSpeech by Adair Turner, The City Banquet, The Mansion House, Londonโ€ (September 22 2009), accessed at http://www.fsa.gov.uk/library/communication/speeches/2009/0922_at.shtml. See also Bronwen Maddox, Adair Turner: โ€œThe Interviewโ€, Prospect (December 14, 2011), accessed at http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/economics/adair-turner-the-interview/

Laura Newland, โ€œHow Elite Colleges Still Feed Wall St.โ€™s Recruiting Machineโ€, NY Times DealBook (April 30, 2012).

James B. Stewart, Tangled Webs: How False Statements are Undermining America: From Martha Stewart to Bernie Madoff (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).

์ •๋ณด์›์˜ ์š”์ฒญ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 2011๋…„ 8์›” 23์ผ LA์˜ Biola๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‹ฐํด์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰๋จ.

Mystery Shoppers Providers Association, www.mysteryshop.org/your-business, accessed March 20, 2013.

ValueNotes blog, blog.valuenotes.biz/ethics-of-mystery-shopping/, accessed March 20, 2013.

Eberhard Bethge, Dietrich Bonhoeffer (HarperCollins, 1977), 585์ชฝ.

์ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ Alexander Hill, Just Business: Christian Ethics for the Marketplace, 2nd edition, (Downers Grove: IVP Academic, 2008), 139-143์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Albert Carr, โ€œIs Business Bluffing Ethical?โ€ cited in Scott B. Rae and Kenman L. Wong, Beyond Integrity: A Judeo-Christian Approach to Business Ethics, 2nd edition, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004), 26์ชฝ.

Milton Friedman, "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits," The New York Times Magazine, September 13, 1970. 

Alexander Hill, Just Business, 143์ชฝ.

AU Section 411.01, Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, accessed on October 1, 2012 at http://pcaobus.org/Standards/Auditing/Pages/AU411.aspx.

Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, tr. James W. Ellington, (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1993, original, 1785), 30-36์ชฝ.   Kantโ€™s essay, โ€œOn a Supposed Right to Tell Lies from Altruistic Motives,โ€ ibid ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณด๋ผ.

C.S. Lewis, The Abolition of Man (New York: Macmillan, 1943)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ. ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…๋“ค์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋•์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ก์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ผ. ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐโ€”๋ฐฐ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฏธ๋•์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด,  Don Richardson, Peace Child: An Unforgettable Story of Primitive Jungle Treachery, 4th edition (Ventura, California: Regal, 2005)๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ผ.